Full Shade Perennials
These are mostly woodland plants, originally growing under tree canopies, usually in deeper shade and also successfully competing with the roots of the trees. This group contains North American native woodland wildflowers, their nativars (cultivar that is derived from a locally sourced species plant) and spring ephemerals (plants that last for a very short time, flowdering early and then going dormant for the remainder of the season). These woodland species usually have small flowers, but can be highly ornamental with their leaves or berries.